Ancient History

RIG VEDIC/EARLY VEDIC PERIOD(1500 BC – 1000 BC) v Rig Veda Mentions 40 Rivers. v Sapta Sindhu = Sindhu + Its 5 Tributaries + Saraswati. v Most Mentioned River In Rigveda Is Sindhu. v Most Pious River In Rigveda Is Saraswati. v The Darshana War/ Battle Of 10 Kings Is A Battle Found Between 10 Kings And Sudas On The Bank Of River Ravi (Parushni). TERMINOLOGIES IN RIG VEDIC TIMES-   Ø   Kula (The Family)- Kulapa.   Ø Grama (The Village)- Gramani.   Ø     Vis (The Clan)- Vispati   Ø Jana (The People)- Gopa/Gopati.   Ø Rashtra (The Country)- Rajan(King).   Ø Purohita- 1 st Ranking Officials.   Ø Senani- Army Chief. SOCIETY-   Ø Brahamans- Teachers & Priests.   Ø Kshatriya- Rulers & Administrators.   Ø Vaishyas- Farmers, Merchant And Bankers.   Ø Shudras- Artisans & Laborers. SOME FACTS- v Alcoholic Drinks- Sura & Soma. v Fire Was S...

BRAHMANS v   Explain Hymns Of Veda v They Are Written In Prose And Ritualistic In Nature. v Means Sacrifice. v Every Veda Has Several Brahamanas Attached To It-   Ø Rig Veda- Aitareya & Kaushitiki/Sankhyan   Ø Sama Veda- Panchvisha (Tandya Maha Brahamans), Shadvinsh, Chhandogya & Jaiminaya.   Ø Yajur Veda- Shatapatha (Oldest & Largest) & Taittariya.   Ø Atharva Veda- Gopatha ARANYAKAS v Forest Text v They Were Written Mainly For Hermits & Student Living In Jungles. UPANISHADS v   Philosophical Text v Generally Called Vedanta v 108 Upoanishads v Vrihadaranyaka- Oldest Upanishads v Satyameva Jayate- In State Emblem Of India Taken From Mundaka Upnishad. Two Most Important Mahakavyas (Epic) Of India- 1) THE RAMAYANA §   Written By Valmiki §   Known As Adi Kavya (Oldest Epic Of The World) §   2400 Shlokas In 7 Khandas. §   1 st & 7 th Khand...

VEDIC LITERATURE (1500 BC – 600 BC v   Rig Veda Was Composed While The Aryans Were Still In Punjab. v 4 Literacy Productions Are- ¨     Samhitas/Vedas ¨     Brahamans ¨     Aranyakas ¨     Upanishads v Vedic Literature-Generation To Generation By Word Of Mouth- Shruti (To Hear). v Most Important Vedic Literature- Vedas                                              VEDAS v Calleds As-                          1)   Apaurasheya- Not Created By Man, But God Gifted.                          2)     Nitya- Existing In All Eternit...

VEDIC CULTURE (1500 BC - 600 BC) Original Home Of The Aryans- v Original Home Of Aryans- It Is A Controversial Point-                                                                                                                                                     ...

     IMPORTANT POINTERS/FACTS ABOUT HARAPPA/INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION- v Largest Site- Mohenjodaro v Largest Indian Site- Rakhigarhi v Surkotada(Kutch, Gujrat) Only Indus Site Where Remains Of Horse Found. v City Was Divided Into Lower Citadel And Upper Citadel, Lower Citadel For Living Of People & Upper Citadel For Storing Grains. v Main Crops- Wheat & Barley v Rice Husk Found In Lothal And Rangpur(Gujrat) Only. v 1 st To Produce Cotton In The World v Lion Was Not Known. v Iron Was Not Known. v Sumerian Gave Indus Region Name As “Meluha”. v No Temple. v Inkpot, Lipistic, City Without A Citadel- Chanhudaro. v Male God- Pashupati Mahadeva(Lord Of Animals Proto-Shiva), Surrounded By Four Animals- Elephant, Tiger, Rhino & Bufallow & Two Deer At His Feet. v Female God- Mother Goddess. v Origin Of “Swastika”. v Script-64 Original Signs, 250-450 Characters, Which Was Not Read Yet. v Biggest Building-Gra...